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Phetchaburi province

Coordinates: 13°6′38″N 99°56′47″E / 13.11056°N 99.94639°E / 13.11056; 99.94639
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Phetchaburi
เพชรบุรี
Province
Khao Phanoen Thung, Kaeng Krachan National Park
Khao Phanoen Thung, Kaeng Krachan National Park
Flag of Phetchaburi
Flag
Official seal of Phetchaburi
Seal
Nickname: 
Mueang Phet (Thai: เมืองเพชร)
Motto(s): 
เขาวังคู่บ้าน ขนมหวานเมืองพระ เลิศล้ำศิลปะ แดนธรรมะ ทะเลงาม
("Home of Khao Wang. Desserts of the Buddhist town. Excellent fine arts. Land of Dharma. Beautiful seas.")
Map of Thailand highlighting Phetchaburi province
Map of Thailand highlighting Phetchaburi province
CountryThailand
CapitalPhetchaburi
Government
 • GovernorPakapong Tawipat
(since June 2020)
Area
[1]
 • Total
6,225 km2 (2,403 sq mi)
 • RankRanked 35th
Population
 (2018)[2]
 • Total
484,294
 • RankRanked 56th
 • Density78/km2 (200/sq mi)
  • RankRanked 65th
Human Achievement Index
[3]
 • HAI (2022)0.6733 "high"
Ranked 4th
GDP
[4]
 • Totalbaht 68 billion
(US$2.3 billion) (2019)
Time zoneUTC+7 (ICT)
Postal code
76xxx
Calling code032
ISO 3166 codeTH-76
Websitewww.phetchaburi.go.th
Not to be confused with Phetchabun province.

Phetchaburi (Thai: เพชรบุรี, pronounced [pʰét.tɕʰā.bū.rīː]) or Phet Buri (pronounced [pʰét bū.rīː]) is one of the western or central provinces (changwat) of Thailand.[5] Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Ratchaburi, Samut Songkhram, and Prachuap Khiri Khan. In the west it borders the Tanintharyi Division of Myanmar. Phetchaburi is home to Kaeng Krachan National Park.[6]

Geography

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Phetchaburi is at the north end of the Malay Peninsula, with the Gulf of Thailand to the east and the Tanaosi mountain range forming the boundary to Myanmar. Except for these border mountains most of the province is a flat plain. With an area of 2,915 km2 (1,125 sq mi) Kaeng Krachan National Park is Thailand's largest national park, covering nearly half of the province.[7]: 28  It protects mostly rain forests in the mountains along the boundary to Myanmar, but also the Kaeng Krachan Reservoir is part of the park. The total forest area is 3,562 km2 (1,375 sq mi) or 57.7% of provincial area.[8] The only significant river of the province is the Phetchaburi River.

History

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Phra Nakhon Khiri Historical Park (Khao Wang)

Originally, Phetchaburi was known as "Pipeli" (พลิพลี), or "Pribpri" (พริบพรี) as it used to be one of the southern kingdoms in Thai history alike to Tambralinga. Its name was recorded in De la Louère's memo during the reign of King Narai in the middle of the Ayutthaya period.[9]

Phetchaburi has been the location of multiple summer palaces commissioned by various kings. In 1860, King Rama IV built a palace near the city of Phetchaburi, commonly known as Khao Wang, but its official name is Phra Nakhon Khiri. Next to the palace the king built a tower for his astronomical observations. On the adjoining hill is the royal temple Wat Phra Kaeo.[10]

In 1910, King Rama V, constructed Phra Ram Ratchaniwet, now also known as Ban Puen Palace, slightly further south of Khao Wang. This was completed in the reign of King Rama VI, who also constructed Mrigadayavan Palace in 1923. in Cha-am district.[11]

Symbols

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The provincial seal shows the Khao Wang palace in the background. In front are rice fields bordered by two coconut palm trees, symbolizing the major crops in the province.[12]

The provincial tree is Eugenia cumini.[13] Thai mahseer (Tor tambroides) is a provincial fish that is delicious and used to be found in the Phetchaburi River.[14]

Environment

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Phetchaburi's shoreline on the Inner Gulf of Thailand in the area of Pak Thale consists of salt pans, mudflats, mangroves, and sand spits. It has been termed, "...the premier bird watching site for shorebirds in Thailand,..." The 123-acre site provides sustenance for both passage and wintering species, as well as residents. The area hosts more than 7,000 waterbirds during the northern hemisphere winter. Economic development of the tidal flats, compounded by the impacts of climate change, threaten this ecosystem's future. Several regular visitors are under threat, including the critically endangered Spoon-billed sandpiper and Great knot, Nordmann's greenshank, and Far Eastern curlew.[15][16]

Economy

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Phetchaburi province is an important salt producer. In 2011, 9,880 rai worked by 137 families were devoted to salt production in Phetchaburi.[17]

The province is known for its palm sugar (Thai: น้ำตาลปึก; RTGS: nam tan puek). It has more sugar palm trees than any other province. Producing sugar is a specialty of Ban Lat District in particular.[18] It is a vital ingredient for the production of many Thai desserts such as Khanom mo kaeng etc. And that gave Phetchaburi the nickname "city of desserts".[19]

Tourism plays a significant role in the economy of Phetchaburi province. The province, however, has dropped from the fourth to the sixth most popular destination in Thailand due to coastal erosion, much of it in Cha-am District, caused by rising sea levels leading to "deteriorating scenery".[20]

Administrative divisions

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Province with districts

Provincial government

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The province is divided into eight districts (amphoe), which are further divided into 93 subdistricts (tambons) and 681 villages (mubans).

  1. Mueang Phetchaburi
  2. Khao Yoi
  3. Nong Ya Plong
  4. Cha-am
  1. Tha Yang
  2. Ban Lat
  3. Ban Laem
  4. Kaeng Krachan

Local government

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As of 26 November 2019 there are:[21] one Phetchaburi Provincial Administration Organisation (ongkan borihan suan changwat) and 15 municipal (thesaban) areas in the province. Phetchaburi and Cha-am have town (thesaban mueang) status. Further 13 subdistrict municipalities (thesaban tambon). The non-municipal areas are administered by 69 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations – SAO (ongkan borihan suan tambon).[2]

Human achievement index 2022

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Health Education Employment Income
14 13 13 22
Housing Family Transport Participation
43 59 27 33
Province Phetchaburi, with an HAI 2022 value of 0.6733 is "high", occupies place 4 in the ranking.

Since 2003, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using the Human achievement index (HAI), a composite index covering all the eight key areas of human development. National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) has taken over this task since 2017.[3]

Rank Classification
  1 – 13 "high"
14 – 29 "somewhat high"
30 – 45 "average"
46 – 61 "somewhat low"
62 – 77 "low"

Transportation

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Phetchaburi Railway Station

Phetchaburi's main station is Phetchaburi Railway Station, 150.49 km (93.5 mi) south of Hua Lamphong Railway Station. An excursion train Bangkok-Suan Son Pradiphat service only on Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays, stop at this station including Cha-am Railway Station.

Health

[edit]

Phetchaburi's main hospital is Phrachomklao Hospital, operated by the Ministry of Public Health.

Arts and Crafts

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With a long history causing Phetchaburi to have their own style of arts and crafts. Until now, it is known as "Phet School". Examples of handicrafts here include banana stalk carving, Phetchaburi is well known for its banana stalk carving craft. Traditionally, they were used to decorate crematoriums during funerals, and Thai lacquer works etc.[22]

Tourism

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Hat Cha-am (หาดชะอำ) Appearing to have been frozen in time warp, midway between remaining a Thai-style resort, and modernising to meet international tastes and requirements, this extensive pine-fringed beach is considered to be one of the most popular beaches of Thailand.[23]

Mrigadayavan Palace (พระราชนิเวศน์มฤคทายวัน) This beachside wooden palace was formerly used as a royal summer residence by King Rama VI during the 1920s. Facing the open sea, the palace is referred to as the palace of love and hope.[24]

Phra Nakhon Khiri Historical Park (อุทยานประวัติศาสตร์พระนครคีรี) This covers a hilly area with an old palace and historical temples in the vicinity of the town. It consists of royal halls, temples and groups of buildings, constructed mostly in harmonious Thai, Western neoclassic and Chinese architectural styles.[25]

Phra Ram Ratchaniwet Palace (พระรามราชนิเวศน์) also known as Ban Puen Palace (วังบ้านปืน) This palace was built by King Rama V in the German Art Nouveau Style. It is now located within Fort Ram Ratchaniwet and has a museum operated by the Royal Thai Army.

Wat Kamphaeng Laeng (วัดกำแพงแลง) This temple was originally a Khmer place of worship. It was later turned into a Buddhist temple and a shrine hall was constructed. However, the outlook of the place has not much changed due to the existence of sandstone walls and four Khmer style pagodas.[26]

Hat Chao Samran (หาดเจ้าสำราญ) Legend says that King Naresuan the Great and King Eka Thotsarot made several royal visits here and highly appreciated its beauty. The villagers thus rendered it a name "Hat Chao Samran", which means "beach of royal leisure".[27]

Hat Chomphon (หาดจอมพล) Another beach that is quiet therefore is especially suitable for those who like peace, located next to the southern part of Hat Chao Samran. It has a restaurant and a hotel. This beach is under the maintain of the Royal Thai Army (RTA), similar to Hat Suan Son Pradiphat of neighboring province Prachuap Khiri Khan. Its name meaning "field marshal's beach".[28]

Chang Hua Man Royal Project (โครงการชั่งหัวมัน ตามพระราชดำริ) Royal agricultural project of the late King Rama IX, offering organic farm tours & a restaurant. Initiated in 2009 on 250 rai (99 acres) of land, the Chang Hua Man Royal Project is an experimental farm where a range of experimental crops are being tested, not only to help the local people of the Phetchaburi area, but farmers throughout the country. Located in the area of Ban Nong Kho Kai, Khao Puk Sub-district, Tha Yang District.[29]

Laem Phak Bia and Pak Thale (แหลมผักเบี้ยและปากทะเล) Large area of salt pans, mudflats, mangrove remnants and sand spit in Phetchaburi. This is without doubt the premier birdwatching site for shorebirds in Thailand, with large numbers of birds and many rare species appearing annually.[30]

Whale Watching (ดูวาฬ) Duration from October to February coincides with the period of water compression (according to vernacular, "water compression" will take place during the time that tide in the Gulf of Thailand will spin out of Samut Songkhram and Phetchaburi provinces. Animals that are feed for whales would come out along). With any luck, it is possible to watch Bryde's whales come out to find feed on the coast of the Gulf of Thailand. Going on a cruise for watching these whales with mouths fully open above the water surface to stalk prey (anchovies and krill) is an impressive experience. There are cruise service both at Hat Chao Samran and Laem Phak Bia piers.[31][32]

Kaeng Krachan National Park (อุทยานแห่งชาติแก่งกระจาน) The largest national park in Thailand overlapping with Prachuap Khiri Khan province, was established in 1981. Just like other national parks, this place is full of wildlife. Kaeng Krachan National Park considered to be the place where wild elephants can be seen and most easily in the country.[33]

Food

[edit]

Phetchaburi has many eminent dishes such as

  • Khanom mo kaeng: a Thai coconut and egg custard. It is considered the most prominent and renowned souvenir in the province.[34][19]
  • Khao chae: traditional Thai food that is hard to find in modern times, but easily found in Phetchaburi. It is a food that is influenced by Mon cuisine. Its name literally meaning "soaked rice".[35][19]
  • Kaeng lok: authentic curry of Phetchaburi province. It is a rare food that many people do not know, and even in the province itself, today there are only a few restaurants that are still cooked and sold. Its name can be translated directly as "false curry", since it is cooked using curry paste that does not use chili like other curries.[36]
  • Kuay teaw nam daeng: braised pork noodles in a special broth that is sweet and has a red color.[37]
  • Nam phrik lam pan: a traditional nam phrik (Thai spicy chili sauce) incorporates lam pan, a species of mangrove fruit for its specific taste. It is considered a delicacy of Phetchaburi and was voted as the "Lost Taste" of Phetchaburi in 2024.[38]
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References

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  1. ^ Advancing Human Development through the ASEAN Community, Thailand Human Development Report 2014, table 0:Basic Data (PDF) (Report). United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Thailand. pp. 134–135. ISBN 978-974-680-368-7. Retrieved 17 January 2016, Data has been supplied by Land Development Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, at Wayback Machine.{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)[dead link‍]
  2. ^ a b "รายงานสถิติจำนวนประชากรและบ้านประจำปี พ.ศ.2561" [Statistics, population and house statistics for the year 2018]. Registration Office Department of the Interior, Ministry of the Interior (in Thai). 31 December 2018. Archived from the original on 14 June 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  3. ^ a b "ข้อมูลสถิติดัชนีความก้าวหน้าของคน ปี 2565 (PDF)" [Human Achievement Index Databook year 2022 (PDF)]. Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC) (in Thai). Retrieved 12 March 2024, page 52{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  4. ^ "Gross Regional and Provincial Product, 2019 Edition". <>. Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC). July 2019. ISSN 1686-0799. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
  5. ^ "Phetchaburi". Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT). Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  6. ^ "Kaeng Krachan National Park". Department of National Parks (DNP) Thailand. Archived from the original on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  7. ^ "ข้อมูลพื้นที่อุทยานแห่งชาติ ที่ประกาศในราชกิจจานุบกษา 133 แห่ง" [National Park Area Information published in the 133 Government Gazettes]. Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (in Thai). December 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  8. ^ "ตารางที่ 2 พี้นที่ป่าไม้ แยกรายจังหวัด พ.ศ.2562" [Table 2 Forest area Separate province year 2019]. Royal Forest Department (in Thai). 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2021, information, Forest statistics Year 2019{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  9. ^ Ko Banrao (2010-11-21). "+++ พิบพลี (Pipeli)...ที่ผ่านมา +++ มีใครรู้บ้างว่าองค์ปฐมกษัตริย์แห่งกรุงศรีอยุธยาเป็นชาวเมืองเพชญบุรีย +++" [พิบพลี (Pipeli)...in the past +++ Does anyone know that the first King of Ayutthaya was a Phetchaburi resident +++]. Oknation (in Thai). Retrieved 2020-03-02.
  10. ^ "Phra Nakhon Khiri Palace". Renown-travel.
  11. ^ "พระราชนิเวศน์มฤคทายวัน ททท".
  12. ^ "Phetchaburi". THAILEX Travel Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  13. ^ yuwadee (2018-02-27). "คําขวัญ จังหวัดเพชรบุรี" [Phetchaburi's motto]. Mthai (in Thai). Retrieved 2020-03-02.
  14. ^ "ขยายพันธุ์ 'ปลาเวียน' สู่สัตว์เศรษฐกิจ" [Breed 'mahseer' to livestock]. Kom Chad Luek (in Thai). 2014-10-27. Retrieved 2020-04-22.
  15. ^ Upton, Nick (2019-03-18). "Laem Pak Bia & Pak Thale". Thai Birding. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  16. ^ "Crowdfunder launched to save key Spoon-billed Sandpiper wintering site". Birdguides. 2019-05-11. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  17. ^ Wattanavanitvut, Phongthai (10 September 2016). "Salt industry prepares for a shake-up". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
  18. ^ Sukphisit, Suthon (21 July 2019). "Sweet Success". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  19. ^ a b c "เพชรบุรี...เมืองขนมหวาน" [Phetchaburi... dessert city]. TCDC (in Thai).
  20. ^ Arunmas, Phusadee; Apisitniran, Lamonphet; Kasemsuk, Narumon (13 January 2020). "Falling water levels deliver a taste of things to come". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  21. ^ "Number of local government organizations by province". dla.go.th. Department of Local Administration (DLA). 26 November 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2019. 37 Phetchaburi: 1 PAO, 2 Town mun., 13 Subdistrict mun., 69 SAO.
  22. ^ "ชู"สกุลช่างเมืองเพชร"ก้าวสู่ระดับสากล" [Uphold "Phetch School" to the internationally]. Thaipost (in Thai). 2019-02-27. Retrieved 2020-03-09.
  23. ^ "Hat Cha-am". Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT). Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  24. ^ "Maruekhathaiyawan Palace". Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT). Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  25. ^ "Phra Nakhon Khiri Historical Park". Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT). Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  26. ^ "Wat Kamphaeng Laeng". Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT). Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  27. ^ "Hat Chao Samran". TAT. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  28. ^ "หาดจอมพล" [Chomphon Beach]. wongnai (in Thai).
  29. ^ "Chang Hua Man Royal Project in Phetchaburi". Thaitravelblogs. 2017-10-27. Retrieved 2020-03-03.
  30. ^ Upton, Nick (2019-03-18). "Laem Pak Bia & Pak Thale". Thaibirding.com. Retrieved 2020-03-03.
  31. ^ Suwanvanichkij, Voralak (2020-02-13). "Day Trip: Whale Watching in Petchburi". Bkkkids. Retrieved 2020-03-03.
  32. ^ Svasit, Pichaya (2016-10-20). "Whale watching in Phetchaburi". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 2020-03-03.
  33. ^ "About Kaeng Krachan National Park". Thai National Parks.
  34. ^ Lounkaew, Kiatanantha (2015-04-17). "หม้อแกงเมืองเพชร จากโดษเด่นเป็นดาษดื่น" [Mo kaeng Mueang Phet from dominant to banal]. Bangkokbiznews (in Thai). Retrieved 2020-03-02.
  35. ^ "รีวิว ข้าวแช่เมืองเพชร กับทีเด็ดข้าวแช่แม่อร" [Mueang Phet Khao chae review and trick of Khao chae Mae On]. Review Promote (in Thai). 2019-06-02. Retrieved 2020-03-02.
  36. ^ Luersamai, Krit (2017-01-16). "เผ็ดร้อนแห่งผองเราฯ" [Our spicy]. Waymagazine (in Thai). Retrieved 2020-03-08.
  37. ^ Khun Chai Talon Chim (2020-03-15). "คุณชายตะลอนชิม : "เจ๊จุ๋มหมูน้ำแดง"" [Khun Chai Talon Chim : "Jay Jum Mu Nam Daeng"]. Thai Rath (in Thai). Retrieved 2020-03-15.
  38. ^ ข่าวเพชรบุรี 24ชั่วโมง (2024-11-15). "#น้ำพริกลำแพน ได้รับการโหวต ให้เป็นสุดยอดเมนูอาหารถิ่น "1 จังหวัด 1 เมนู เชิดชูอาหารถิ่น รสชาติ...ที่หายไป The Lost Taste" ประจำปี 2567". Facebook (in Thai). Retrieved 2024-08-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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13°6′38″N 99°56′47″E / 13.11056°N 99.94639°E / 13.11056; 99.94639

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